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Way Kambas National Park is a national park covering 1,300 square kilometres in Lampung province, southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It consists of swamp forest and lowland rain forest, mostly of secondary growth as result of extensive logging in the 1960s and 1970s.〔 Despite decreasing populations, the park still has a few critically endangered Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants and Sumatran rhinoceroses. It also provides excellent birdwatching,〔Paul Jepson (1997) ''Fielding's Birding Indonesia'' (Periplus Editions) ISBN 1-56952-133-6〕 with the rare white-winged wood duck among the over 400 species present in the park. Threats to the park are posed by poaching and habitat loss due to illegal logging. Conservation efforts include patrolling and the establishment of the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary and the Elephant Conservation Centre. ==Flora and fauna== Plant species include ''Avicennia marina'', ''Sonneratia'' species, ''Nypa fruticans'', ''Melaleuca leucadendra'', ''Syzygium polyanthum'', ''Pandanus'' species, ''Schima wallichii'', ''Shorea'' species, ''Dipterocarpus gracilis'', and ''Gonystylus bancanus''.〔(Ministry of Forestry: ''Way Kambas National Park'' ), retrieved 30 January 2011〕 The sandy shores of the park are dominated by ''Casuarina equisetifolia''.〔 The park has 50 species of mammal many of them critically endangered. There are about 20 Sumatran rhinoceros in the area,〔(Oyos Saroso H.N.: ''Suhadi risks life for Sumatran rhinos'' ), in The Jakarta Post, 18 July 2007〕 down from around 40 in the 1990s.〔(International Rhino Foundation ), retrieved 30 January 2011〕 The number of Sumatran elephants in the park was estimated to 180 in 2005. The population of Sumatran tigers has declined from 36-40 in 2000 to less than 30.〔(Oyos Saroso H.N: ''Sumatran tigers nearly extinct in Way Kambas'' ), in The Jakarta Post, 18 January 2011〕 Other mammals in the park are the Malayan tapir, dhole (''Cuon alpinus sumatrensis'') and siamang (''Hylobates syndactylus syndactylus'').〔 About half of the bird species are inhabiting the coastal swamps, including mangroves, riverine forest, freshwater and peat swamp forest, and the marshes of the area. The park is one of the last strongholds of the white-winged wood duck, with a population between 24-38 birds left, the largest in Sumatra.〔(Zieren, M., B. Wiryawan, H.A. Susanto: ''Significant Coastal Habitats, Wildlife and Water Resources in Lampung'', Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, USA, 1999 )〕 Among the other 405 species of bird recorded in the park, are the Storm's stork, woolly-necked stork, lesser adjutant, crested fireback, great argus and Oriental darter.〔 Among the reptiles, the endangered false gharial crocodile is found in the coastal swamps.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Way Kambas National Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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